Salivary glands are located in and around the mouth and are responsible for producing saliva. Saliva helps facilitate swallowing, supports digestion, and protects oral health. Therefore, any issues with these glands directly affect quality of life.
Anatomy of the Salivary Glands
There are three main salivary glands in the body:
- Parotid glands: Located in front of the ears, they are the largest salivary glands.
- Submandibular glands: Situated under the lower jaw, they play a crucial role in saliva production.
- Sublingual glands: Found under the tongue, they are smaller compared to the other glands.
These glands work together to maintain oral health and regulate saliva production.
Salivary Gland Disorders and Symptoms
Problems with the salivary glands can present in various ways:
- Salivary Stones
Salivary stones accumulate in the gland ducts, blocking saliva flow. This causes dryness in the mouth, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing, and pain. - Infections and Inflammation
Bacterial or viral infections can inflame the salivary glands, leading to swelling, pain, and tenderness. - Tumors
Both benign and malignant tumors can develop in the salivary glands. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment increase the chances of success and prevent serious complications. - Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions like Sjögren’s syndrome impair salivary gland function, causing dry mouth and inflammation. Early awareness is crucial in these cases.
Diagnosis and Treatment Process
Diagnosis is usually made by ENT specialists. The doctor listens to the patient’s history and performs a physical exam. If necessary, imaging methods such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans are used.
Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the disease:
- Salivary Stones: Small stones can be removed with medication or minor procedures, while larger stones require surgery.
- Inflammation and Infection: These are controlled with antibiotics or appropriate medications.
- Dry Mouth: Methods to increase saliva production and oral care recommendations are applied.
- Tumors: Surgical removal is performed.
Importance of Early Diagnosis
When salivary gland diseases are detected early, quality of life improves quickly. Persistent dry mouth, recurrent swelling, or pain should not be ignored. Early intervention helps prevent serious complications.
